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Clinical Treatment of Fungal Diseases: Antifungals
Medication options
Antifungals are antimicrobial medications used to treat fungal infections.
These medications target fungal cell components disrupting fungal growth and survival.
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Antifungals can be topical (e.g., cream, ointment, powder, shampoo), oral (e.g., tablets, capsules, troches, rinse), or intravenous (IV) formulations.
Antifungals typically belong to one of three main classes: azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes.
Squalene epoxidase inhibitors are usually only used in fungal skin infections. Glucan synthase inhibitors only contain one antifungal and are novel, first-in-class compounds.
Classes of antifungals
| Class | How it works | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Azoles | Inhibits a cytochrome P450 enzyme, disrupting membrane structure and function and inhibiting fungal cell growth | Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole |
| Echinocandins | Interferes with fungal cell wall synthesis (β (1,3)-d-glucan), leading to lysis and cell death | Caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, rezafungin |
Polye
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